The recruited God. Spanish testimonies on the use of religion during the Spanish-Cuban-American War, 1895–1898

The article covers the great moments of Church-society relations in 19th century Spain, then examines the ecclesiastical bulletins of twenty Spanish bishoprics between 1895 and 1898, organizing the information around six themes: first, Catholic Spain in 1895. Second, the religious meaning of the war in Cuba and the conflict with the United States. The Spanish bishops interpreted the war in Cuba as a salutary punishment of Providence against Spain for allowing religious pluralism. Third, how the Spanish bishops understood the Cubans and their insurrection. Four, how they characterized the Americans and their relationship with the Cuban uprising. Fifth, how they reacted to the defeat and sixth, compassion for the Spanish veterans.

The conclusions of the article sustain that: when the same factors are present, similar responses will easily be produced that validate one's own position and absolutely disqualify that of the opposite.